Vindicated
UNISON member Bindu Parmar’s case against Leicester City Council made headline news recently when the Court of Appeal confirmed that an employment tribunal had been correct to state that ‘race played a part’ in her treatment. Bindu tells Janey Starling the story of what happened, and how she fought back – and won.
Senior social worker Bindu Parmar had worked at Leicester City Council for 33 years when she was unexpectedly told by her line manager that she was being placed under disciplinary investigation. When she asked why, her manager didn’t give a reason.
Bindu then received a letter about the disciplinary measures. It contained no specific details about what she had done wrong, or when. “It just said I wasn’t following leadership standards or professional standards,” she recalls today. “But we didn’t even have a policy to say what our leadership standards were. I was perplexed and thinking, ‘What’s she talking about?’
When Bindu asked, once more, for further information, her manager of 10 years told her that she’d ‘find out later’. Bindu couldn’t make sense of it. “After so many years, being a dedicated worker, devoting almost three decades to this career, it felt awful. It felt like a blow to my guts. If she’d said, ‘You’ve done this,’ then I might be able to reflect on it and consider what I had done. But there was none of that.”
At the time of her suspension, Bindu was head of the Location West team within adult social care services. She managed five team leaders, who in turn managed a total social care workforce of 80 people. She was an experienced leader who had built strong relationships with lots of people and other public services in the Leicester area. It was therefore distressing for her to discover that, directly after their meeting, Bindu’s manager had sent an email to all of the agencies she regularly worked with, including the NHS, police, housing officers and children’s services, saying that she was no longer in her role.
“That really hurt a lot,” Bindu says. “I was respected quite widely within the council and with partner agencies, because I’d worked there for over 30 years, and it was left for everyone to read between the lines. I felt like she was really trying to tarnish my reputation.”
Overnight, Bindu’s career had been ended. And she still hadn’t been given a single reason why. She began to suspect that it was to do with race.
Different treatment
After she was told she was under disciplinary measures, Bindu spent five agonising weeks suspended from her role, waiting for her investigatory interview. When it finally came around, the interview was held by her manager. And after two hours Bindu was still in the dark as to what exactly she had done wrong. Although her manager had already interviewed nine colleagues as part of the investigation, she still did not provide any details, dates or specifics for her allegations.
It was at this point that Bindu decided her manager’s kangaroo court had gone on long enough.
“The reason I feel that there was institutional racism was because at no point did any checks and balances stop what my manager was doing,” she says. “HR didn’t stop her, legal services didn’t stop her. Nobody said, ‘You haven’t got anything concrete, so you can’t do this.’”
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Bindu knew she was the third person of Indian origin that her line manager, the director of adult social care and safeguarding at the council, who is white, had disciplined in the last five years. None of her white colleagues had experienced such treatment.
The way she was being treated had a profound emotional impact. “I wasn’t sleeping, I was feeling so much anxiety. I was tearful and had panic attacks at the thought of work meetings,” she says. After she explained what was happening to her GP, he signed her off work for a month.
Bindu was baffled that a lot of her investigatory interview was taken up by her manager repeatedly asking her why one of her team leaders had copied Bindu into an email sent about safeguarding issues. Bindu didn’t know how to answer this question. “I asked her, how is that my mistake? It’s not as if I can control somebody sending emails?
“Something was clearly not right. I felt like my manager was trying to cover up these safeguarding failings.”
Bindu decided she would internally blow the whistle on race discrimination, as well as the safeguarding failings within her department that had been reported to her in the email from her colleague. So she contacted the mayor of the council.
Shortly after, Bindu’s manager was removed from the investigation and replaced with another director from another department. In May 2021, this new person swiftly closed the disciplinary investigation and Bindu was issued with a letter that said she had no case to answer.
“I felt vindicated, but I felt angry as well,” Bindu says, with questions remaining about her line manager’s treatment of her. “How could she have got away with it? Why was she doing this to me? The only thing I could pin was my race.”
With UNISON’s support, Bindu lodged a race discrimination claim with the employment tribunal.
Worse to come
After the investigation had concluded, Bindu was required to return to her role. Despite asking to be moved to another area, she was still under the same line manager who she had a pending tribunal claim against.
“I felt like I had to walk on eggshells. Not only that, but there’d been no repercussions for her, I didn’t feel that she’d learned anything from it,” she says. “In our one-to-ones she kept asking me how I felt about my employment tribunal claim, and what my views were now. I said to her, ‘I still don’t understand why you did what you did, and I’d like somebody independent to look at that.’”
And then, another bombshell. In April 2022, Bindu was called to a meeting by the strategic director of the council and dismissed from her role.
The reason given was that the council had ‘lost confidence’ in her. Bindu suspects that the real reason was because she hadn’t withdrawn her tribunal claim. “By this time, I just felt that they can do anything they want.”
After three decades of a thriving career in social work, Bindu was unemployed. “It was really difficult emotionally, practically and financially,” she says. Although her husband was able to pick up the shortfall at first, they later had to sell their house and downsize to adjust to the loss in income.
Getting a fair hearing
In January 2023, the employment tribunal began. The hearing lasted five days, and Bindu was on the witness stand for the best part of a day, which was exhausting.
Then, when her line manager was up for cross-examination, something unexpected happened. Bindu began to feel reassured. She felt her case was finally getting a fair hearing.
“[My manager] could not explain why she did what she did. That was really helpful to me, because I realised I hadn’t done anything wrong, she was only doing this to me because of my race.”
When the judgment arrived two months later, in March 2023, the employment tribunal sided with Bindu. It ruled that “race had played a part” in her treatment.
A key factor in the judge’s decision was the council’s failure to disclose the minutes and notes of the nine investigatory interviews that Bindu’s line manager had conducted with colleagues, inferring that the council’s concealment of these notes meant that they were trying to hide something.
“The judge picked up that there was nothing of substance,” she says. “It still baffles me. I’m very competent, I had a good reputation. I wasn’t under-performing.”
However, instead of accepting this decision, the council decided to appeal it. The role of the employment appeals tribunal (EAT) is to assess whether a tribunal has made any errors in law and, when Bindu’s case was heard at the EAT, the judge found no errors. He upheld the original tribunal’s judgment and called the council’s appeal “pernickety”.
Then, despite having lost twice, the council escalated the case to the Court of Appeal, using taxpayer money to fight an increasingly expensive legal battle. In July 2025, the Court of Appeal dismissed the case. Bindu had won again. Three courts had ruled that Leicester City Council’s actions against her were racist.
Bindu is relieved, and grateful to UNISON for its support. Yet the victory is bittersweet: her health has suffered and her employment has ended. Now, aged 60, she does not plan to look for another job, wishing instead to focus on looking after herself, and her health.
“It has taken a toll on me and it’s taken a toll on my family. It wasn’t just me that went through that process, it was my husband and my children. And if it wasn’t for their support, I wouldn’t have got through it. They have supported me 100%.”
Bindu still has a second claim with the employment tribunal, for unfair dismissal and victimisation. She anticipates another lengthy battle through the courts. “If they do what they did with the first case, that will be another four years of my life fighting them through the court system.”
‘Dignity and fortitude’
Despite three court rulings that their actions were racist, Leicester City Council has still not apologised to Bindu. And her manager? “She’s still in her role. And she still continues to oversee frontline services. And Leicester being Leicester, the majority of the population are BME.”
This is what troubles Bindu the most. “People who rely on our services place their trust in the local authority. If the council can behave in a racist, discriminatory way to senior staff and cover it up, how can we trust that the same isn’t happening to service users behind closed doors?
“I wish they’d just accepted the findings of the employment tribunal. They could have said, ‘Okay, the courts have found racism, let’s do something about it. Let’s change, let’s reassure the community in Leicester, let’s get rid of that manager and look at our processes’. But they didn’t.”
Nevertheless, Bindu is glad that she fought. And she will continue to fight, with UNISON by her side, in her upcoming unfair dismissal case. “I don’t do this for personal gain,” she says. “I have done this because I couldn’t stay silent while injustice was allowed to fester within a public institution that’s responsible for protecting the most vulnerable.”
UNISON head of legal services Shantha David says: “It’s not easy to put your head above the parapet and be brave enough to call out racist behaviour. Bindu did that with dignity and fortitude for over five years, and we are proud to have successfully supported her claim all the way to the Court of Appeal.”
Adds UNISON general secretary Christina McAnea: “Leicester City Council has spent years dragging out this case in repeated appeals. Local authorities should never be allowed to waste public money like this. UNISON will always stand up to employers that discriminate against and are racist towards their staff.”